Geoarchaeological excavations in Mugaljarah - 2017
Historical and metallurgical research plays a significant role in the study of cultural formations of the Early Metal Age (Eneolithic - Bronze Age). Suffice it to say that it is the patterns in the development of metallurgy and metalworking technology, morphological changes in metal products that usually underlie cultural and chronological constructions. Moreover, the separation of large production systems, such as metallurgical provinces, clearly demonstrated the supracultural nature of metal production. Along with cultures with raw material resources, such systems involved cultural formations, in the geographical areas of which copper ore sources were absent, which stimulated trade and exchange activities, the development of communication channels, and the social development of archaic societies.
In this sense, the situation that developed in the Late Bronze Age within the largest historical and metallurgical formation of the Old World - the Eurasian Metallurgical Province (EAMP) is indicative. Almost all mining and metallurgical regions (GMO), which constituted the mineral resource base of metal production in the EAMP, are concentrated in the eastern zone [1]. No less important is the fact that in Central Kazakhstan and Altai during this period, the exploitation of the richest deposits of cassiterites and tin placers begins, which has become the main alloying component in the production of bronze [2, 3, 4, 5]. It is noteworthy that the territory of Northern Kazakhstan, where the Kokshetau Mining and Metallurgical Center (MMC) with the widely known ancient copper mines on the Imantau Mountain on the western shore of the lake of the same name was distinguished [6, 7, 4], can also be considered as a potential area for mining tin ore in antiquity. In particular, the Donetskoye and Syrymbetskoye deposits are known here, and in the latter, according to modern estimates, 66.3% of Kazakhstan's tin reserves are concentrated.
The historical and cultural background, against which the mining and metallurgical production was developing in the eastern zone of the EAMP, is determined by the metallurgical centers that took shape within the Andronovo cultural and historical community (KIO). The noted mosaicism of cultural formations united within the framework of the Andronovskaya KIO is now beginning to find an explanation not only by stating the chronological differences between archaeological complexes, but also from the point of view of the development of specific adaptation models by individual groups of the population, implying the formation of effective life support systems and separate production structures.
Within the framework of the grant project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1392 / GF2 "Ore regions and archaeometallurgy of Mugalzhar: an interdisciplinary study of the development of copper ore resources in the region in the paleometal era" dozens of geoarchaeological production facilities, settlements, locations, burial grounds and places of worship have been examined.
At the final stage of work on the project, a comprehensive description of the Mugalzhar mining and metallurgical center of the Late Bronze Age was given, the results of the study were summed up and the prospects for further development of the stated problems were outlined.
During the period of the project's implementation, its participants tested the intermediate results of the research at a number of scientific conferences of various status. The research results were reflected in a series of 30 scientific publications.
A.Sh. Iskakov
In this sense, the situation that developed in the Late Bronze Age within the largest historical and metallurgical formation of the Old World - the Eurasian Metallurgical Province (EAMP) is indicative. Almost all mining and metallurgical regions (GMO), which constituted the mineral resource base of metal production in the EAMP, are concentrated in the eastern zone [1]. No less important is the fact that in Central Kazakhstan and Altai during this period, the exploitation of the richest deposits of cassiterites and tin placers begins, which has become the main alloying component in the production of bronze [2, 3, 4, 5]. It is noteworthy that the territory of Northern Kazakhstan, where the Kokshetau Mining and Metallurgical Center (MMC) with the widely known ancient copper mines on the Imantau Mountain on the western shore of the lake of the same name was distinguished [6, 7, 4], can also be considered as a potential area for mining tin ore in antiquity. In particular, the Donetskoye and Syrymbetskoye deposits are known here, and in the latter, according to modern estimates, 66.3% of Kazakhstan's tin reserves are concentrated.
The historical and cultural background, against which the mining and metallurgical production was developing in the eastern zone of the EAMP, is determined by the metallurgical centers that took shape within the Andronovo cultural and historical community (KIO). The noted mosaicism of cultural formations united within the framework of the Andronovskaya KIO is now beginning to find an explanation not only by stating the chronological differences between archaeological complexes, but also from the point of view of the development of specific adaptation models by individual groups of the population, implying the formation of effective life support systems and separate production structures.
Within the framework of the grant project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1392 / GF2 "Ore regions and archaeometallurgy of Mugalzhar: an interdisciplinary study of the development of copper ore resources in the region in the paleometal era" dozens of geoarchaeological production facilities, settlements, locations, burial grounds and places of worship have been examined.
At the final stage of work on the project, a comprehensive description of the Mugalzhar mining and metallurgical center of the Late Bronze Age was given, the results of the study were summed up and the prospects for further development of the stated problems were outlined.
During the period of the project's implementation, its participants tested the intermediate results of the research at a number of scientific conferences of various status. The research results were reflected in a series of 30 scientific publications.
A.Sh. Iskakov
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